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　　Thermal runaway and safety risks of batteries.With the continuous improvement of energy density,cycle life and safety performance of lithium iron phosphate batteries,their applications in electric vehicles,energy storage systems and other fields are becoming more and more extensive.However,the ensuing thermal runaway problem has attracted people's attention.Due to the complexity of the chemical reaction inside the battery,if there is a loss of control during use,it may cause serious safety accidents,such as fire and explosion.

　　The thermal runaway of lithium iron phosphate batteries is usually caused by conditions such as overcharge,overdischarge,overtemperature,and external force damage.Among them,overcharge and overdischarge are the most common reasons.Overcharging will lead to the destruction of the positive electrode material structure and the emergence of oxygen,which will lead to the decomposition of the electrolyte,further generating oxygen and excess heat;overdischarging will lead to structural changes in the negative electrode material,decomposition of the electrolyte,and irreversible polarization process.These factors will cause the temperature inside the battery to rise,which may lead to thermal runaway.

　　Security Risk Precautions

　　In order to prevent thermal runaway of batteries and mitigate safety risks,researchers and related institutions have taken various measures:

　　1.Control the charging and discharging parameters of the battery

　　Reasonable charge and discharge parameters can reduce the risk of thermal runaway of the battery.In terms of charging,control the charging voltage and current of the battery to avoid overcharging.In terms of discharge,avoid over-discharge of the battery and set up an over-discharge protection mechanism.

      2.Improve battery structure and design

　　By optimizing the structure and design of the battery,the heat dissipation performance and safety performance of the battery can be improved.For example,heat dissipation structures such as heat sinks and heat conduction layers are added to improve the heat dissipation effect of the battery;reasonable battery casings are designed to enhance the battery’s ability to resist external force damage.

　　3.Safety monitoring and control system

　　The safety monitoring and control system can monitor the temperature,current,voltage and other parameters of the battery in real time,and provide timely alarm and control for abnormal conditions.For example,set temperature sensor and pressure sensor,monitor battery temperature and internal pressure changes,find problems in time and take corresponding measures.

　　The thermal runaway problem of lithium iron phosphate batteries in research is an important safety hazard,which can cause serious safety accidents.In order to prevent the occurrence of thermal runaway,we need to control the charging and discharging parameters of the battery,improve the structure and design of the battery,and use safety monitoring and control systems and other measures.Only when safety measures are fully applied and perfected can lithium iron phosphate batteries be safer and more reliable in practical applications.