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The working principle of solar panels is a device that can convert solar energy into electricity. Its working principle is based on the Photoelectric effect. When the sunlight shines on the solar panel, the photons will hit the semiconductor materials on the solar panel. The energy of these photons is absorbed by electrons, causing them to transition into conductive bands, forming electron hole pairs. Electrons will gather on one side to form negative charges, while holes will gather on the other side to form positive charges. Connected through metal wires, electrons and holes form a current and drive external devices to work.

Power generation efficiency of solar panels The power generation efficiency of solar panels refers to the proportion of solar energy converted into electric energy, usually expressed as a percentage. The power generation efficiency of solar panels is affected by many factors.

First, the choice of semiconductor materials plays a key role in power generation efficiency. The common solar panels on the market mainly use silicon (Si) materials, with monocrystalline and polycrystalline silicon having higher efficiency. New materials such as copper indium gallium selenium (CIGS) and indium gallium arsenic (NSG) are also under continuous research, with the potential to improve efficiency.

Secondly, the structure and design of the solar panel will also affect the power generation efficiency. For example, improving the light absorption capacity of solar panels, reducing reflection loss, optimizing the installation layout of battery modules, etc. can improve the power generation efficiency.

In addition, temperature also affects the power generation efficiency of solar panels. Under high temperatures, the efficiency of solar panels will decrease, so heat dissipation measures need to be taken, such as using radiation to dissipate heat or adding cooling devices.

The development prospects of solar panels in practical applications In recent years, solar panels have developed rapidly in the field of renewable energy and gradually become one of the green energy sources that people attach great importance to.

With the continuous progress of technology, the power generation efficiency of solar panels is also improving. At present, the conversion efficiency of monocrystalline silicon solar panels has exceeded 20%, and flexible solar cells and new solar cells are gradually making breakthroughs.

At the same time, the cost of solar panels is constantly decreasing, making them more competitive in practical applications. The construction of large-scale solar power plants and the widespread application of solar panels in household and commercial applications have laid a solid foundation for the development of the solar energy industry.

It is a clean and renewable energy technology that solar panel converts solar energy into electric energy through Photoelectric effect. The improvement of power generation efficiency will promote the wide promotion of solar panels in practical applications and make contributions to environmental protection and sustainable development.